Landfill treatment and disposal of solid waste

Solid waste disposal refers to the activities of burning solid waste and using other methods to change the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of solid waste to reduce the amount of solid waste, reduce the volume of solid waste, reduce or eliminate its hazardous components, or finally placing solid waste in a landfill that meets the requirements of environmental protection regulations.

From the above definition of disposal, it can be seen that the disposal of solid waste includes two parts: treatment and disposal, and appropriate disposal facilities or measures include one or more treatment and disposal processes. The pretreated or treated solid waste greatly reduces the quantity and volume of solid waste, recovers the stored energy and useful substances, and alleviates the pressure of waste on environmental pollution.

1. Basic requirements for disposal

The disposal principle of solid matter is to isolate it from the biosphere to the greatest extent, prevent the scattered pollution of toxic and harmful substances to the environment, and ensure that it will not cause harm or little impact on human beings now and in the future. The basic method is realized through multiple barriers. The basic requirements for solid waste disposal are as follows:

(1) The disposal site shall be reliable, and the solid waste shall be effectively isolated through natural or artificial barriers, so that the pollutants will not cause harm to the nearby ecological environment, let alone human activities:

(2) The disposal site shall have reasonable facility structure and equipped with environmental protection monitoring equipment to facilitate management and maintenance.

(3) The content of harmful components in the disposed solid waste shall be as small as possible, and the volume shall be as small as possible, so as to facilitate treatment and reduce the disposal cost.

(4) The disposal method should be as simple and economical as possible, which should not only meet the existing economic level and environmental protection requirements, but also consider the long-term environmental benefits.

2. Disposal type

(1) By isolation barrier

a. Isolation and disposal of natural barrier

b. Artificial barrier isolation disposal

(2) By disposal site

a. Ocean disposal - ocean dumping and ocean burning.

b. Land disposal - land farming, engineering storage or retention pond storage, deep well filling and land landfill, among which land landfill is a common method.

3. Landfill technology

(1) Landfill function

The purpose of land landfill technology is to prevent potential pollution caused by solid waste and protect the surrounding environment. The main functions of landfill are shown in three aspects: storage, isolation and treatment.

(2) Landfill classification

It is divided into natural attenuation, fully closed and semi closed rows according to the structural type.

According to the landfill method, it can be divided into Valley landfill, plain landfill and beach landfill.

According to the state of landfill site - anaerobic landfill, aerobic landfill and quasi aerobic landfill.

According to the hazard degree of landfill waste - class I general industrial solid waste landfill, class II general industrial solid waste landfill, domestic waste landfill and hazardous waste landfill.